Fatal Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis after Combined Induction with Rituximab and Antithymocyte Globulin for Kidney Transplantation in a Sensitized Recipient, and Early Rejection Therapy with Plasmapheresis and Low-dose Immunoglobulin / 대한이식학회지

A high degree of sensitization to human leukocyte antigen requires more intensive induction therapy; however, this increases vulnerability to opportunistic infections following kidney transplantation. Although recent studies have suggested that combined induction therapy with antithymocyte globulin and rituximab would be more effective in highly sensitized kidney recipients, we experienced a case of near-fatal invasive pulmonary aspergillosis 2 months after combined induction and early rejection therapy for graft dysfunction. Fortunately, the patient recovered with intensive antifungal treatment and lung lobectomy for a necrotic cavity. Antifungal prophylaxis should be considered in cases undergoing intensive induction therapy.